...could you tell me how much you charge per night for a single room, please?
In this sentence, "could" + present simple is being used to make a polite request. Although "can" may also be used in this situation, "could" is more polite or more formal.
Other examples are:
Could you fax me last month's sales figures this afternoon?
Could you lend me 100 yen for the coffee machine?
Could you proof-read this document for me?
...how much you charge per night for a single room, please?
Nakajima wants to know how much a single room will cost for each night she stays, so she uses "per night". This can be used with other time-related words, such as "month" or "year".
Other examples are:
How much rent do you pay per month?
How many days-off do you get per year?
This is a short way of saying "middle of". It can be used with the names of months and years.
Other examples are:
Next term is due to begin mid-April.
We're planning to have a conference mid-1999.
Please remember that "pound" is pronounced the same way as "sound", NOT "pond".
I'd like to book a single room for 3 nights, please.
You can use "I want"+infinitive in the same way as "I'd like"+infinitive in this situation, however "I'd like" is a more polite expression. The verb "(to) book" means "(to) reserve", and is commonly used in British English.
Other examples are:
I'd like to speak to Mr. Shimizu, please.
I'd like to see the menu, please.
Could you give me your full name, please?
"Could you" + infinitive is used in this expression to make a polite request. You can use "can you" in the same way, but "could you" is more polite.
Other examples are:
Could you repeat that, please?
Could you send
me the information by e-mail?
And can I have your telephone number, please?
"Can I" + infinitive is used in this expression to ask permission for something. You can use "could I" in the same way, which is a little more polite.
Another example is:
Can I have your name, please?
"So that's..." is used here to check that the information received is correct.
Customs and immigration
At the hotel
At a restaurant
Transportation
Shopping
Directions
At the lost property office