We use a if a single common noun is NOT:
· Mentioned previously
· Specific
· A representative noun
· Preceded by another determiner
· Preceded by a possessive
· Uncountable
· Preceded by a clause marker
· A noun that follows a preposition that prohibits an article
· In a series after THE
· A gerundial
· The name of an uncommon ailment
A noun preceded by a is almost always non-specific. The
use of a indicates that the speaker (or writer) is referring
to one person, place or thing among many,
e.g.
A young lady lives next door.
Would you like a doughnut?
Toshimi is a member of the soccer club.
???Toshimi is the member of the soccer club???